CHY4U - World History since the Fifteenth Century
COURSE Description
Course Title: World History since the Fifteenth Century
Course Code: CHY4U
Grade: 12
Course Type: University
Credit Value: 1.0
Prerequisite: Any university or university/college preparation course in Social Sciences and Humanities, English, or Canadian and World Studies.
Curriculum Policy Document: Canadian and World Studies, The Ontario Curriculum, Grades 11 and 12, 2005
Department: Canadian and World Studies
Course Developer: Kydan Educational Services
Development Date: 2015-2016
Course Description: This course traces major developments and events in world history since approximately 1450. Students will explore social, economic, and political changes, the historical roots of contemporary issues, and the role of conflict and cooperation in global interrelationships. They will extend their ability to apply the concepts of historical thinking and the historical inquiry process, including the interpretation and analysis of evidence, as they investigate key issues and ideas and assess societal progress or decline in world history.
Units | Hours |
Unit One: Renaissance |
20 hours |
Unit Two: Age of Reason |
20 hours |
Unit Three: Age of Exploration |
21 hours |
Unit Four: Evolution of Revolution |
22 hours |
Unit Five: Industrial Revolution |
20 hours |
Exam/RST | |
Rich Task Summative 10% |
5 hours |
Final Exam 10% |
2 hours |
Total Hours | 110 hours |
Resources required by the student:
Note: This course is entirely online and does not require or rely on any textbook. A scanner, smart phone camera, or similar device to upload handwritten or hand-drawn work.
Teaching and Learning Strategies & Strategies for Assessment
As this is an online course, there will be many strategies for learning and assessment.
Teaching and Learning Strategies (include, but are not limited to):
- Students must have a community dance teacher that has been approved by Kanata Academy.
- Youtube Channel
- Video Support & Demonstrations
- Skype/Google Hangout Conferences
- Live Instructional Tutorials & Performance Test Assessments
- Structured Discussions
- Collaborative Learning Platform
- Group Work
This course provides differentiated learning for its students by implementing the following teaching and learning strategies:
- Activity-based Strategies: Oral presentations, panel discussion, and repetition and practice.
- Direct Instruction Strategies: Cloze, demonstration, guided writing, lecturer, mnemonic devices, practice and drill, prompting, review, visual stimuli, and Socratic dialogue.
- Independent Learning Strategies: Homework, independent reading, independent study, learning log, memorization, portfolio, reflection, report writing, and response journals.
- Inquiry and Research Model Strategies: Inquiry process, questioning process, research process, writing process.
- Learning skills accommodation: Interpersonal intelligence, intrapersonal intelligence, logical-mathematical intelligence, verbal-linguistic intelligence, and visual spatial intelligence.
- Technology and Media-based Strategies: Communications applications, computer assisted instruction, email applications, Internet technologies, media presentations, media production, multimedia applications, and online public access catalogs.
- Thinking Skills Strategies: Case study, classifying, concepts verification, concept mapping, expressing another point of view, issue-based analysis, lateral thinking, media analysis, metacognitive reflection, oral explanation, problem posing, problem-solving, and writing to learn.
Strategies for Assessment and Evaluation of Student Performance
The teacher will obtain assessment information through a variety of means as indicated in the chart below. Assessment and Evaluation Strategies are to include the evidence or proof the teacher sees in the Product, Observations and Conversations related to the curriculum expectations. The student must demonstrate achievement of the course expectations. Once demonstrated, the student is assigned a level of achievement.
Assessment For: takes place in preparation for course or unit learning.
Assessment As: takes place during or while learning.
Assessment Of: takes place after learning.
These assessments and evaluations take place throughout the course.
Overall Expectations
CHY4UM-Course-ExpectationsKanata Academy : Assessment, Evaluation & Reporting
Key Ideas from Growing Success:
The Seven Fundamental Principles state:
- are fair, transparent, and equitable for all students;
- support all students, including those with special education needs, those who are learning the language of instruction (English or French), and those who are First Nation, Métis, or Inuit;
- are carefully planned to relate to the curriculum expectations and learning goals and, as much as possible, to the interests, learning styles and preferences, needs, and experiences of all students;
- are communicated clearly to students and parents at the beginning of the school year or course and at other appropriate points throughout the school year or course;
- are ongoing, varied in nature, and administered over a period of time to provide multiple opportunities for students to demonstrate the full range of their learning;
- provide ongoing descriptive feedback that is clear, specific, meaningful, and timely to support improved learning and achievement;
- develop students’ selfassessment skills to enable them to assess their own learning, set specific goals, and plan next steps for their learning. (Growing Success, pp 6)
For Grades 9 to 12, a final grade (percentage mark) is recorded for every course. The final grade will be determined as follows:
- 70% of the grade will be based on evaluation conducted throughout the course. This portion of the grade should reflect the student’s most consistent level of achievement throughout the course, although special consideration should be given to more recent evidence of achievement.
- 30% of the grade will be based on a final evaluation administered at or towards the end of the course. This evaluation will be based on evidence from one or a combination of the following: an examination, a performance, an essay, and/or another method of evaluation suitable to the course content. The final evaluation allows the student an opportunity to demonstrate comprehensive achievement of the overall expectations for the course. (Growing Success, pp 41)
At Kanata Academy, we have further broken down this 30% into RST and exam components. The following pages show the breakdown of this 30%, by curriculum and course.
The Arts
The Arts | 2016 | ||
Course Code | Title | Rich Summative Tasks | Exam |
All arts | Arts, Grade 9 | 30 | 0 |
All arts | Arts, Grade 10 | 30 | 0 |
All arts | Arts, Grade 11 | 30 | 0 |
All arts | Arts, Grade 12 | 30 | 0 |
Comments |
In the majority of the Arts there is no formal exam during the exam time period. A variety of summative performance tasks and/or student portfolios will allow students to demonstrate the comprehensive achievement of the overall course expectations and the four areas of the achievement chart (knowledge, thinking, communication, and application). |
Business Studies
Business Studies | 2016 | ||
Course Code | Title | Rich Summative Tasks | Exam |
BBI1O/BBI2O | Intro to Business | 30 | 0 |
BTT1O/BTT2O | Information and Communication Technology in Business | 30 | 0 |
Comments |
No exam in grade 9 and 10 open courses. No exam in workplace courses. Rich summative assessment tasks vary and often include business simulation or workplace simulation tasks that provide a better opportunity for students to demonstrate the comprehensive achievement of the overall course expectations and the four areas of the achievement chart (knowledge, thinking, communication, and application). |
Canadian and World Studies
Canadian and World Studies | 2016 | ||
Course Code | Title | Rich Summative Tasks | Exam |
CGC1D | Issues in Canadian Geography | 10 | 20 |
CGC1P | Issues in Canadian Geography | 20 | 10 |
CHC2D | Canadian History since World War l | 10 | 20 |
CHC2P | Canadian History since World War l | 20 | 10 |
CHV2O | Civics and Citizenship | 30 | 0 |
CHW3M | World History to the end of 15th Century | 15 | 15 |
Comments |
No exam for grade 9 or 10 open courses. No exam for workplace courses. |
Cooperative Education
Cooperative Education | 2016 | ||
Course Code | Title | Rich Summative Tasks | Exam |
COP | Cooperative Education | 30 | 0 |
2X, 3X & 4X |
Comments |
Rich summative assessment tasks vary and often include a Career Portfolio and other assessment tasks that provide a better opportunity for students to demonstrate the comprehensive achievement of the overall course expectations and the four areas of the achievement chart (knowledge, thinking, communication, and application). |
English
English | 2016 | ||
Course Code | Title | Rich Summative Tasks | Exam |
ENG1D | English, Academic | 10 | 20 |
ENG1P | English, Applied | 20 | 10 |
ENG2D | English, Academic | 10 | 20 |
ENG2P | English, Applied | 20 | 10 |
EMS3O | Media Studies | 30 | 0 |
ENG3C | English, College | 20 | 10 |
ENG3U | English, University | 10 | 20 |
ENG4C | English, College | 20 | 10 |
ENG4E | English, Workplace | 30 | 0 |
ENG4U | English, University | 0 | 30 |
EWC4U | The Writer’s Craft | 30 | 0 |
OLC4O | Ontario Secondary School Literacy Course | 30 | 0 |
Comments |
Decrease the value of the exam in the applied courses and changes also account for increases in the rich assessment tasks for several college pathway courses. |
ESL and ELD
ESL and ELD | 2016 | ||
Course Code | Title | Rich Summative Tasks | Exam |
ELDAO | Beginning Literacy, Level 1 | 30 | 0 |
ELDBO | Basic Literacy Skills, Level 2 | 30 | 0 |
ELDCO | Literacy in Daily Life, Level 3 | 30 | 0 |
ELDDO | Literacy for School and Work, Level 4 | 30 | 0 |
ESLAO | Beginning Communicationin English, Level 1 | 30 | 0 |
ESLBO | English in Daily Life, Level 2 | 30 | 0 |
ESLCO | English for School and Work, Level 3 | 30 | 0 |
ESLDO | Study Skills in English, Level 4 | 20 | 10 |
ESLEO | Bridge to English, Level 5 | 20 | 10 |
Comments |
Rich summative assessment tasks provide a better opportunity for students to demonstrate the comprehensive achievement of the overall course expectations and the four areas of the achievement chart (knowledge, thinking, communication, and application). DO and EO courses are aligned with other English courses that include exams as a portion of the final summative assessment. |
French as a Second Language
French as a Second Language | 2016 | ||
Course Code | Title | Rich Summative Tasks | Exam |
FSF1D | Core French | 15 | 15 |
FSF1P | Core French | 30 | 0 |
Comments |
Rich summative assessment tasks provide a better opportunity for students to demonstrate the comprehensive achievement of the overall course expectations and the four areas of the achievement chart (knowledge, thinking, communication, and application). |
Guidance and Career Education
Guidance and Career Education | 2016 | ||
Course Code | Title | Rich Summative Tasks | Exam |
GLS1O/GLE1O | Learning Strategies 1: Skills for Success in Secondary School | 30 | 0 |
GLC2O (GLC2OI) |
Career Studies | 30 | 0 |
GWL3O | Designing Your Future | 30 | 0 |
Comments |
Rich summative assessment tasks provide a better opportunity for students to demonstrate the comprehensive achievement of the overall course expectations and the four areas of the achievement chart (knowledge, thinking, communication, and application). |
Mathematics
Mathematics | 2016 | ||
Course Code | Title | Rich Summative Tasks | Exam |
MFM1P | Foundations of Mathematics | 20 | 10 (using EQAO) |
MPM1D | Principles of Mathematics | 10 (using EQAO) |
20 |
MFM2P | Foundations of Mathematics | 20 | 10 |
MPM2D | Principles of Mathematics | 10 | 20 |
MBF3C | Mathematics Personal Finance | 15 | 15 |
MCF3M | Functions and Applications | 10 | 20 |
MCR3U | Functions | 10 | 20 |
MEL3E | Mathematics for Everyday Life | 30 | 0 |
MAP4C | College & Apprenticeship Mathematics | 15 | 15 |
MCT4C | Mathematics for College Technology | 10 | 20 |
MCV4U | Calculus and Vectors | 0 | 30 |
MDM4U | Mathematics of Data Management | 20 | 10 |
MEL4E | Mathematics for Everyday Life | 30 | 0 |
MHF4U | Advanced Functions | 0 | 30 |
Comments |
No exams in workplace courses. |
Physical Education
Physical Education | 2016 | ||
Course Code | Title | Rich Summative Tasks | Exam |
PPL1O | Healthy Active Living | 30 | 0 |
PPL2O | Healthy Active Living | 30 | 0 |
PAF3O | Healthy Active Living Focus Course: Fitness | 30 | 0 |
PPL3O | Healthy Active Living | 30 | 0 |
PPZ3C (new) |
Health for Life | 20 | 10 |
PLF4M (new pathway) |
Recreation and Fitness Leadership | 15 | 15 |
PPL4O | Healthy Active Living | 30 | 0 |
PSK4U | Kinesiology | 10 | 20 |
Comments |
Rich summative assessment tasks provide a better opportunity for students to demonstrate the comprehensive achievement of the overall course expectations and the four areas of the achievement chart (knowledge, thinking, communication, and application). |
Science
Science | 2016 | ||
Course Code | Title | Rich Summative Tasks | Exam |
SNC1D | Science, Academic | 10 | 20 |
SNC1P | Science, Applied | 20 | 10 |
SNC2D | Science, Academic | 10 | 20 |
SNC2P | Science, Applied | 20 | 10 |
SBI3C | Biology, College | 15 | 15 |
SBI3U | Biology, University | 5 | 25 |
SCH3U | Chemistry, University | 5 | 25 |
SPH3U | Physics, University | 5 | 25 |
SBI4U | Biology, University | 5 | 25 |
SCH4C | Chemistry, College | 15 | 15 |
SCH4U | Chemistry, University | 5 | 25 |
SPH4C | Physics, College | 15 | 15 |
SPH4U | Physics, University | 5 | 25 |
Social Science and the Humanities
Social Science and the Humanities | 2016 | ||
Course Code | Title | Rich Summative Tasks | Exam |
HHS4C | Families in Canada | 20 | 10 |
HHS4U | Families in Canada | 10 | 20 |
HSB4U (new pathway) |
Challenge and Change in Society | 10 | 20 |
Technological Education
Technological Education | 2016 | ||
Course Code | Title | Rich Summative Tasks | Exam |
All ‘T’ courses | Communications, Computer, Health Care, | 30 | 0 |
Teaching & Learning Strategies
Teachers differentiate instruction to meet the diverse learning needs of students. Instructors use Discussion Boards, Google Apps for Education, Multi-Media element, constant valuable feedback, Google docs, Google forms, Google slides, Google drive to meet the needs of students and to assist students in reflecting on their learning, and in setting goals for improvement in key areas while developing 21st century skills. These tools help facilitate the development of 21st century learners and ensure the development of students that can self assess, work independently and demonstrate their ability to critically analyze text.
Identifying and developing skills and strategies – students learn to choose and utilize varied techniques taught through video lessons, assignments, activities, and student exemplars to become effective readers, writers, and oral communicators.
- Communicating – several opportunities are provided for students to write and communicate orally and for teachers to assess work based on conversation and observation.
- Generating ideas and topics – teachers encourage students to design their own approaches to the material by maintaining frequent (often daily) online communication with students, by allowing some freedom in how students respond to topics and questions, and by encouraging students’ independent thinking through discussion posts.
- Researching – various approaches to researching are practised. Students learn how to use various online research tools, cite sources, evaluate web sources and provide a works cited page at the end of longer assignments using MLA formatting.
- Thinking critically – students learn to critically analyze texts and to infer through their deeper analysis. Students use their critical thinking skills to identify themes, morals, and the use of literary elements and devices.
- Producing published work and making presentations – students engage in the editing and revising process, including self-revision, peer revision, and teacher revision all of which strengthen texts with the aim to publish or present student work.
- Reflecting – through the variety of assignments, lessons and discussions, students reflect on the learning process, focus on areas for improvement, and make world to text, self to text and text to text connections between course content and their personal experiences.
The Final Grade
The evaluation for this course is based on the student’s achievement of curriculum expectations and the demonstrated skills required for effective learning.
The percentage grade represents the quality of the student’s overall achievement of the expectations for the course and reflects the corresponding level of achievement as described in the achievement chart for the discipline.
A credit is granted and recorded for this course if the student’s grade is 50% or higher. The final grade for this course will be determined as follows:
- 70% of the grade will be based upon evaluations conducted throughout the course. This portion of the grade will reflect the student’s most consistent level of achievement throughout the course, although special consideration will be given to more recent evidence of achievement.
- 10% of the grade will be based on a Rich summative task administered in the last weeks of the course. This RST will be based on an evaluation of achievement from all four categories of the Achievement Chart for the course and of expectations from all units of the course.
- 20% of the grade will be based on a final examination administered at the end of the course. This exam will be based on an evaluation of achievement from all four categories of the Achievement Chart for the course and of expectations from all units of the course. This exam includes well-formulated multiple-choice questions, long-answer type questions and an essay.
The Report Card
Student achievement will be communicated formally to students via an official report card. Report cards are issued at the midterm point in the course, as well as upon completion of the course. Each report card will focus on two distinct, but related aspects of student achievement. First, the achievement of curriculum expectations is reported as a percentage grade. Additionally, the course median is reported as a percentage. The teacher will also provide written comments concerning the student's strengths, areas for improvement, and next steps. Second, the learning skills are reported as a Needs Improvement, Satisfactory, Good and Excellent. The report card also indicates whether an OSSD credit has been earned. Upon completion of a course, Kanata Academy will send a copy of the report card back to the student's home school (if in Ontario) where the course will be added to the ongoing list of courses on the student's Ontario Student Transcript. The report card will also be sent to the student's home address.
Program Planning Considerations
Teachers who are planning a program in Canadian & World Studies must take into account considerations in a number of important areas. Essential information that pertains to all disciplines is provided in the companion piece to this document, The Ontario Curriculum, Grades 9 to 12: Program Planning and Assessment, 2000. The areas of concern to all teachers that are outlined here include the following:
- types of secondary school courses
- education for exceptional students
- the role of technology in the curriculum
- English as a second language (ESL) and English literacy development (ELD)
- career education
- cooperative education and other workplace experiences
- health and safety
- Financial literacy
- Critical Thinking
- Environmental Education
Education for Exceptional Students
In planning courses, teachers should take into account the needs of exceptional students as set out in their Individual Education Plan. English courses reflect the creative part of our literary world, which offers a vast array of opportunities for exceptional students. Students who use alternative techniques for communication may find a venue for their talents as writers. Just as English responds to the needs and demands of the greater world of work, English courses are largely shaped by the needs and demands of students who will all eventually end up in this greater world.
The Role of Technology in the Curriculum
Information and communications technologies (ICT) provide a range of tools that can significantly extend and enrich teachers’ instructional strategies and support students’ language learning. ICT tools include multimedia resources, databases, Internet websites, digital cameras, and word-processing programs. Tools such as these can help students to collect, organize, and sort the data they gather and to write, edit, and present reports on their findings. Information and communications technologies can also be used to connect students to other schools, at home and abroad, and to bring the global community into the virtual classroom. Although the Internet is a powerful learning tool, there are potential risks attached to its use. All students must be made aware of issues of Internet privacy, safety, and responsible use, as well as of the potential for abuse of this technology, particularly when it is used to promote hatred. Information technology is considered a learning tool that must be accessed by students when the situation is appropriate. As a result, students will develop transferable skills through their experience with word processing, internet research, presentation software, and telecommunication tools.
English As a Second Language and English Literacy Development (ESL/ELD)
With exposure to the English language in a supportive learning environment, most young children will develop oral fluency quite quickly, making connections between concepts and skills acquired in their first language and similar concepts and skills presented in English. However, oral fluency is not a good indicator of a student’s knowledge of vocabulary or sentence structure, reading comprehension, or other aspects of language proficiency that play an important role in literacy development and academic success. Research has shown that it takes five to seven years for most English language learners to catch up to their English-speaking peers in their ability to use English for academic purposes. Moreover, the older the children are when they arrive, the greater the language knowledge and skills that they have to catch up on, and the more direct support they require from their teachers. Responsibility for students’ English-language development is shared by the course teacher, the ESL/ELD teacher (where available), and other school staff. Volunteers and peers may also be helpful in supporting English language learners in the language classroom. Teachers must adapt the instructional program in order to facilitate the success of these students in their classrooms. Appropriate adaptations include:
- modification of some or all of the subject expectations so that they are challenging but attainable for the learner at his or her present level of English proficiency, given the necessary support from the teacher;
- use of a variety of instructional strategies (e.g., extensive use of visual cues, graphic organizers, scaffolding; previewing of textbooks, pre-teaching of key vocabulary; peer tutoring; strategic use of students’ first languages);
- tuse of a variety of learning resources (e.g., visual material, simplified text, bilingual dictionaries, and materials that reflect cultural diversity);
- use of assessment accommodations (e.g., granting of extra time; use of oral interviews, demonstrations or visual representations, or tasks requiring completion of graphic organizers or cloze sentences instead of essay questions and other assessment tasks that depend heavily on proficiency in English).
Note: When learning expectations in any course are modified for an English language learner (whether the student is enrolled in an ESL or ELD course or not), this information must be clearly indicated on the student’s report card.
This course can provide a wide range of options to address the needs of ESL/ELD students. Detailed analysis of the components of sentences aid ESL students in mastering the English language and all of its idiosyncrasies. In addition, since all occupations require employees with a wide range of English skills and abilities, many students will learn how their backgrounds and language skills can contribute to their success in the larger world.
Antidiscrimination Education in the English Program Learning resources that reflect the broad range of students’ interests, backgrounds, cultures, and experiences are an important aspect of an inclusive English program. In such a program, learning materials involve protagonists of both sexes from a wide variety of backgrounds. Teachers routinely use materials that reflect the diversity of Canadian and world cultures, including those of contemporary First Nations, Métis, and Inuit peoples, and make them available to students. Short stories, novels, magazine and newspaper articles, television programs, and films provide opportunities for students to explore issues relating to their self-identity. In inclusive programs, students are made aware of the historical, cultural, and political contexts for both the traditional and non-traditional gender and social roles represented in the materials they are studying. Stories, novels, informational texts, and media works relating to the immigrant experience provide rich thematic material for study, as well as the opportunity for students new to Canada to share their knowledge and experiences with others. In addition, in the context of the English program, both students and teachers should become aware of aspects of intercultural communication – for example, by exploring how different cultures interpret the use of eye contact and body language in conversation and during presentations. Resources should be chosen not only to reflect diversity but also on the basis of their appeal for both girls and boys in the classroom. Recent research has shown that many boys are interested in informational materials, such as manuals and graphic texts, as opposed to works of fiction, which are often more appealing to girls. Both sexes read Internet materials, such as website articles, e-mail, and chat messages, outside the classroom. The development of critical thinking skills is integral to the English curriculum. In the context of what is now called “critical literacy”, these skills include the ability to identify perspectives, values, and issues; detect bias; and read for implicit as well as overt meaning. In the English program, students develop the ability to detect negative bias and stereotypes in literary texts and informational materials. When using biased informational texts, or literary works containing negative stereotypes, for the express purpose of critical analysis, teachers must take into account the potential negative impact of bias on students and use appropriate strategies to address students’ responses. Critical literacy also involves asking questions and challenging the status quo, and leads students to look at issues of power and justice in society. The program empowers students by enabling them to express themselves and to speak out about issues that strongly affect them. Literature studies and media studies also afford both students and teachers a unique opportunity to explore the social and emotional impact of bullying, violence, and discrimination in the form of racism, sexism, or homophobia on individuals and families.
Literacy, Mathematical Literacy, and Inquiry/Research Skills Literacy, mathematical literacy, and inquiry/research skills are critical to students’ success in all subjects of the curriculum and in all areas of their lives. The acquisition and development of literacy skills is clearly the focus of the English curriculum, but the English program also builds on, reinforces, and enhances mathematical literacy. For example, clear, concise communication often involves the use of diagrams, charts, tables, and graphs, and the English curriculum emphasizes students’ ability to interpret and use graphic texts. Inquiry is at the heart of learning in all subject areas. In English courses, students are encouraged to develop their ability to ask questions and to explore a variety of possible answers to those questions. As they advance through the grades, they acquire the skills to locate relevant information from a variety of sources, such as books, newspapers, dictionaries, encyclopedias, interviews, videos, and the Internet. The questioning they practiced in the early grades becomes more sophisticated as they learn that all sources of information have a particular point of view and that the recipient of the information has a responsibility to evaluate it, determine its validity and relevance, and use it in appropriate ways. The ability to locate, question, and validate information allows a student to become an independent, lifelong learner.
Career Education
As online students progress through online courses, teachers are available to help the student prepare for employment in a number of diverse areas. With the help of teachers, students will learn to set and achieve goals and will gain experience in making meaningful decisions concerning career choices. The skills, knowledge and creativity that students acquire through this online course are essential for a wide range of careers. Throughout their secondary school education, students will learn about the educational and career opportunities that are available to them; explore and evaluate a variety of those opportunities; relate what they learn in their courses to potential careers in a variety of fields; and learn to make appropriate educational and career choices.
Cooperative Education and Other Workplace Experiences
By applying the skills they have developed, students will readily connect their classroom learning to real-life activities in the world in which they live.Cooperative education and other workplace experiences will broaden their knowledge of employment opportunities in a wide range of fields. Kanata Academy will try to help students link to Ministry programs to ensure that students have information concerning programs and opportunities.
Financial Literacy
Financial literacy may be defined as having the knowledge and skills needed to make responsible economic and financial decisions with competence and confidence. Since making financial decisions has become an increasingly complex task in the modern world, students need to have knowledge in various areas and a wide range of skills in order to make informed decisions about financial matters. Students need to be aware of risks that accompany various financial choices. They need to develop an understanding of world economic forces as well as ways in which they themselves can respond to those influences and make informed choices. We consider it essential that financial literacy be considered an important attribute of a well-educated population. In addition to acquiring knowledge in such specific areas as saving, spending, borrowing, and investing, students need to develop skills in problem solving, inquiry, decision making, critical thinking, and critical literacy related to financial and other issues. The goal is to help students acquire the knowledge and skills that will enable them to understand and respond to complex issues regarding their own personal finances and the finances of their families, as well as to develop an understanding of local and global effects of world economic forces and the social, environmental, and ethical implications of their own choices as consumers. We are working to embed financial literacy expectations and opportunities in all courses as appropriate, as part of the ongoing curriculum review process.
Critical Thinking
Critical thinking is the process of thinking about ideas or situations in order to understand them fully, identify their implications, make a judgement, and/or guide decision making. Critical thinking includes skills such as questioning, predicting, analysing, synthesizing, examining opinions, identifying values and issues, detecting bias, and distinguishing between alternatives. Students who are taught these skills become critical thinkers who can move beyond superficial conclusions to a deeper understanding of the issues they are examining. They are able to engage in an inquiry process in which they explore complex and multifaceted issues, and questions for which there may be no clear-cut answers.
Students use critical-thinking skills when they assess, analyse, and/or evaluate the impact of something and when they form an opinion about something and support that opinion with a rationale. In order to think critically, students need to examine the opinions and values of others, detect bias, look for implied meaning, and use the information gathered to form a personal opinion or stance, or a personal plan of action with regard to making a difference. Students approach critical thinking in various ways. Some students find it helpful to discuss their thinking, asking questions and exploring ideas. Other students, including many First Nations, Mêtis, and Inuit students, may take time to observe a situation or consider a text carefully before commenting; they may prefer not to ask questions or express their thoughts orally while they are thinking.
The development of these critical-thinking skills is supported in every course. As students work to achieve the curriculum expectations in their particular course, students frequently need to identify the possible implications of choices. As they gather information from a variety of sources, they need to be able to interpret what they are listening to, reading, or viewing; to look for instances of bias; and to determine why a source might express a particular bias.
Health and Safety
The program provides the reading skills for the student to be able to explore the variety of concepts relating to health and safety in the workplace. In order to provide a suitable learning environment for the Kanata Academy staff and students, it is critical that classroom practice and the learning environment complies with relevant federal, provincial, and municipal health and safety legislation and by-laws, including, but not limited to, the Workplace Safety and Insurance Act, the Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS), the Food and Drug Act, the Health Protection and Promotion Act, the Ontario Building Code, and the Occupational Health and Safety Act (OHSA). The OHSA requires all schools to provide a safe and productive learning and work environment for both students and employees.
Environmental Education
Helping students become environmentally responsible is a role the school takes seriously.. The first goal is to promote learning about environmental issues and solutions. The second goal is to engage students in practicing and promoting environmental stewardship in their community. The third goal stresses the importance of the education system providing leadership by implementing and promoting responsible environmental practices so that all stakeholders become dedicated to living more sustainably. Environmental education teaches students about how the planet’s physical and biological systems work, and how we can create a more sustainable future. Good curriculum design following the resource document – The Ontario Curriculum, Grades 9-12: Environmental Education, Scope and Sequence of Expectations, 2011, will assist staff to weave environmental education in and out of the online course content. This ensures that the student will have opportunities to acquire the knowledge, skills, perspectives and practices needed to become an environmentally literate citizen. The online course should provide opportunities for each student to address environmental issues in their home, in their local community, or even at the global level.